/Swedish:/ Hurricane är den engelska beteckningen på de tropiska cykloner i Atlanten/Karibiska havet samt östra Stilla havet som är så kraftiga att de uppnår orkanstyrka, d.v.s. medelvind minst 32,7 m/s = 118 km/h. Ett aktuellt exempel: "Irene".
Tropiska cykloner går under olika namn beroende på var de uppstår. De kraftigaste bildas över västra Stilla Havet och kallas typhoons 'tyfoner'.
I Australien använde rman beteckningen cyclone.
En tornado är dels en 'tromb', alltså en sammanfattande benämning på olika luftvirvlar, dels en synonym till hurricane.
I USA får varje rapporterad tropisk cyklon ett eget namn. Serien med namn, omväxlande kvinnliga och manliga, ordnas redan i början av året så att meteorologerna lättare ska kunna studera dessa förödande lågtrycksområden i både tid och rum.
Hurricane: > 63 knop; > 32,6 m/s; Beaufort: F12.
Hurricane
1550s, a partially deformed adoptation from Sp. huracan (Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdés, "Historia General y Natural de las Indias," 1547-9), furacan (in the works of Pedro Mártir De Anghiera, chaplain to the court of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella and historian of Spanish explorations), from an Arawakan (W. Indies) word. In Portuguese, it became furacão. For confusion of initial -f- and -h- in Spanish, see hacienda. The word is first in English in Richard Eden's "Decades of the New World":
These tempestes of the ayer (which the Grecians caule Tiphones ...) they caule furacanes.
OED records 39 different spellings, mostly from the late 16c., including forcane, herrycano, harrycain, hurlecane. Modern form became frequent from 1650, established after 1688. Shakespeare uses hurricano ("King Lear," "Troilus and Cressida"), but in reference to waterspouts.
From almost 230 miles above the Earth, cameras on the International Space Station recorded new video of Hurricane Irene, which is strengthening as it takes aim on the southeast Bahamas, and possibly, the Eastern Seaboard of the United States. The video was captured at 4:08 p.m. EDT on August 23, 2011, as Irene moved west-northwest. /NASA
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| Caribbean- two days ago |
Irene - 11 pm EDT - August 23 2011:
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| Irene |
August 24 2011
"Hurricane Irene: New York Area Could be Hit by Sunday Night or Monday Morning. Five-day projections released by the U.S. National Hurricane Center show Irene heading for the continental United States, potentially making landfall in Florida, Georgia or the Carolinas.
"This is a good time to get prepared again in your homes. There's items that you should stock up on, those that need to move or possibly be evacuated, perhaps seniors should think about having their medications refilled and having enough on hand," Nassau County, N.Y., Executive Ed Mangano told CBS New York.".
Evacuations begin on N.C. island ahead of Hurricane Irene (USATODAY August 24 2011):
U.S. Government Sites
Hurricanes
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
http://hurricanes.noaa.gov/
Hurricane Basics
National Atlas
http://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/climate/a_hurricane.html
Hurricane Aircraft --Technology
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/hurricane_aircraft.html
Hurricane and Extreme Storm Impact Studies
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/hurricanes/
Hurricane Katrina Images
NOAA
http://ngs.woc.noaa.gov/katrina/
Hurricane Research Division
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, NOAA
http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/
Hurricane Resource Page
NASA
http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/hurricane_2005.html
Hurricane Season 2005: Katrina
NASA
http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/h2005_katrina.html
National Hurricane Center
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/
Additional Sites
Forces of Nature: Hurricanes
National Geographic
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/forcesofnature/
The Hurricane Hunters
http://www.hurricanehunters.com/welcome.htm
Interactive Guides -- Natural Disasters -- Hurricanes (BBC)
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4588149.stm
Animated, interactive guide to the world's most devastating phenomena.
International Hurricane Research Center
Florida International University
http://www.ihc.fiu.edu/
Louisiana State University Hurricane Center
http://www.hurricane.lsu.edu/navbar.htm
MIT Sea Grant: Hurricanes in the Northeast
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
http://web.mit.edu/seagrant/hurricanes/hrrresatmit.html
The Tropical Meteorology Project
Colorado State University
http://typhoon.atmos.colostate.edu/
CLIMATE CHANGE AND HURRICANES
U.S. Government Websites
Hurricanes and Climate Change
U.S. Climate Change Science Program
http://www.usgcrp.gov/usgcrp/links/hurricanes.htm
Organization and Association Websites
Hurricanes and Climate Change, interview with Kerry Emanuel
Living on Earth, World Media Foundation
http://www.loe.org/shows/segments.htm?programID=05-P13-00035&segmentID=3
Hurricanes and Global Warming
Pew Center on Global Climate Change
http://www.pewclimate.org/hurricanes.cfm
The Wind and the Fury:
Has Climate Change Made Hurricanes Fiercer or Are Such Claims Hot Air?
By Naila Moreira, in Science News Online, v.168, Sept. 17, 2005: 184.
http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20050917/bob8.asp
HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
U.S. Government Websites
Disasters and Emergencies: Hurricanes
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/hurricane_2005.html
Enviro-Health Links
National Library of Medicine (NLM)
http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro/hurricane.html
Environmental Health Needs and Habitability Assessment
Joint Task Force, CDC and EPA, Sept. 17, 2005.
http://www.epa.gov/katrina/reports/envneeds_hab_assessment.html
Food Safety After a Hurricane
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/fsdisas.html
Hurricanes: Health and Safety
Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
http://www.bt.cdc.gov/disasters/hurricanes/
Hurricane Response: Storm and Flood Cleanup
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/flood/
Keeping Workers Safe During Clean Up and Recovery Operations Following Hurricanes
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/hurricaneRecovery.html
Association and Organization Websites
Health Effects of Disasters
Pan American Health Organization
http://www.paho.org/English/DD/PED/huracan-katrinahome.htm
Katrina’s Aftermath: Public Health Concerns
Johns Hopkins School Of Public Health
http://www.jhsph.edu/katrina/katrina_health.html
Know What to Do After a Hurricane is Over
American Red Cross
http://www.redcross.org/services/disaster/0,1082,0_572_,00.html
HISTORICAL INFORMATION ON HURRICANES
Historical Hurricane Tracks
Coastal Services Center, NOAA
http://hurricane.csc.noaa.gov/hurricanes/
Hurricane History Page
NOAA
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/HAW2/english/history.shtml
Hurricanes
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA Satellite and Information Service
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/severeweather/hurricanes.html
Monthly Weather Review Atlantic Hurricane Season 1872-2002
NOAA Miami Regional Library, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories
http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/libpage13.htm
Unisys Weather: Hurricane
Unisys
http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane
10:14 AM BST 25 Aug 2011
The US is bracing for devastation as a large and dangerous storm roars towards the densely populated East Coast, including New York.
Hurricane Irene is forecast to become a lethal Category 4 storm with winds of 135 miles per hour by as early as today, according to the US National Hurricane Center.
Tourists have been fleeing from the storm's path through the Caribbean in recent days as Irene gained in strength, pummeling the Bahamas last night as a Category 3 monster. Evacuations have begun from the islands off North Carolina, near where the storm is predicted to make landfall on Saturday.
MLK dedication postponed
By Clarence Williams
This post has been updated.
The foundation building Washington’s new memorial to Martin Luther King Jr. annoumced Thursday that Sunday’s dedication has been postponed in anticipation of Hurricane Irene.
The dedication will take place in September or October, officials announced.
The interfaith prayer service scheduled at the National Shrine of the Basilica on Saturday will be the last official event of the week of celebrations and commemorations that were to lead up to Sunday’s dedication.
The memorial, the first on the Mall honoring an African American, has been a quarter century in the making. The 30-foot granite likeness of King stands on a landscaped, four-acre site on the northwest shore of the Tidal Basin.
Aug. 25, 2011, 1:44 PM This could really happen
Obama Speech About Hurricane Irene "Statement About Storm Preparation"
THE PRESIDENT: Good morning, everybody. I want to say a few words about Hurricane Irene, urge Americans to take it seriously, and provide an overview of our ongoing federal preparations for what’s likely to be an extremely dangerous and costly storm.
I’ve just convened a conference call with senior members of my emergency response team and directed them to make sure that we are bringing all federal resources to bear and deploying them properly to cope not only with the storm but also its aftermath. I’ve also spoken this morning with governors and mayors of major metropolitan areas along the Eastern Seaboard to let them know that this administration is in full support of their efforts to prepare for this storm and stands ready to fully support their response efforts. And we will continue to stay in close contact with them.
I cannot stress this highly enough: If you are in the projected path of this hurricane, you have to take precautions now. Don’t wait. Don’t delay. We all hope for the best, but we have to be prepared for the worst. All of us have to take this storm seriously. You need to listen to your state and local officials, and if you are given an evacuation order, please follow it. Just to underscore this point: We ordered an aircraft carrier group out to sea to avoid this storm yesterday. So if you’re in the way of this hurricane, you should be preparing now.
If you aren’t sure how to prepare your families or your home or your business for a hurricane or any other emergency, then you can visit Ready.gov — that’s Ready.gov — or Listo.gov. That’s Listo.gov.
Now, since last weekend, FEMA has been deploying its Incident Management Assistance Teams to staging areas in communities up and down the coast. FEMA has millions of liters of water, millions of meals, and tens of thousands of cots and blankets, along with other supplies, pre-positioned along the Eastern Seaboard. And the American Red Cross has already begun preparing shelters in North Carolina and other states.
These resources are all being coordinated with our state and local partners, and they stand ready to be deployed as necessary. But, again, if you are instructed to evacuate, please do so. It’s going to take time for first responders to begin rescue operations and to get the resources we’ve pre-positioned to people in need. So the more you can do to be prepared now — making a plan, make a supply kit, know your evacuation route, follow instructions of your local officials — the quicker we can focus our resources after the storm on those who need help the most.
To sum up, all indications point to this being a historic hurricane. Although we can’t predict with perfect certainty the impact of Irene over the next few days, the federal government has spent the better part of last week working closely with officials in communities that could be affected by this storm to see to it that we are prepared. So now is the time for residents of these communities — in the hours that remain — to do the same. And FEMA and Craig Fugate, the director of FEMA, will be keeping people closely posted in the next 24, 48 hours.
Thank you very much.
END August 26, 11:31 A.M. EDT
Al Jazeera August 27, o6.00 Swedish Time:
August 29, 2011
While Hurricane Irene had officials along the East Coast preparing for mass evacuations, scientists at the Stroud Water Research Center and the University of Delaware were grabbing their best data collection tools and heading straight for the storm's path.
It was a rare opportunity for the scientists to learn more about climate change and water quality, as Irene threatened to be the biggest hurricane to hit the Northeastern United States since 1985.
Center scientist Anthony Aufdenkampe explains, "It rains on average once per week, or 15 percent of the year, but streams and rivers move most of their annual loads on those days.
"The bigger the storm, the greater the disproportionate load, so you might have a single 100-year storm event move 25 percent of the material for an entire decade," says Aufdenkampe.
"This is important because fresh waters and the carbon they transport play a major role in the global cycling of greenhouse gases."
Irene could reveal much about how soil erosion into rivers might eventually bury carbon and sequester it from acting as a greenhouse gas in the atmosphere.
That's a primary goal of the Christina River Basin Critical Zone Observatory (CRB-CZO), funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF).
The CRB-CZO is at the forefront of scientific research on integrating how human effects on the hydrologic, mineral and carbon cycles might have feedbacks to climate change.
"One of the motivations for NSF Critical Zone Observatories such as the CRB-CZO is to obtain time-continuous observations that would document and help us understand infrequent events," says Jun Abrajano of NSF's Earth Sciences Division.
"Some of these events are extreme enough to have major cumulative effects on the overall processes and fluxes in watershed systems. The track and magnitude of Hurricane Irene may prove it to be such an event."
We're hypothesizing, says Aufdenkampe, "that big storms are a major player in determining what happens to the carbon in a leaf, for example.
"Does it go back into the atmosphere or does it get buried for decades, centuries, or millennia? That's the key to global warming and climate change."
Aufdenkampe and colleagues visited sites along White Clay Creek and Brandywine Creek to set up equipment to collect floodwaters throughout the storm.
And with innovative tools developed with relatively inexpensive open-source electronic hardware, the researchers didn't have to wait around.
Engineer Steve Hicks of the Stroud Water Research Center put together automatic water samplers that may be triggered remotely via cell phone. "By watching real-time sensor data streaming to the Internet, at precisely the right moment we fill the barrels of water we need for our analyses."
"Had a storm like this hit five or ten years ago, we wouldn't have been able to gather this type of data," says Aufdenkampe.
"But now with open-source hardware and software, anything's possible. We're only limited by our imagination."
Visit the CRB-CZO website for more information.
-NSF-
The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency that supports fundamental research and education across all fields of science and engineering. In fiscal year (FY) 2011, its budget is about $6.9 billion. NSF funds reach all 50 states through grants to nearly 2,000 universities and institutions. Each year, NSF receives over 45,000 competitive requests for funding, and makes over 11,500 new funding awards. NSF also awards over $400 million in professional and service contracts yearly.
